177 lines
8.4 KiB
Markdown
177 lines
8.4 KiB
Markdown
---
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layout: default
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title: Users and roles
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parent: Access control
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nav_order: 1
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---
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# Users and roles
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The security plugin includes an internal user database. Use this database in place of or in addition to an external authentication system such as LDAP or Active Directory.
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Roles are the core way of controlling access to your cluster. Roles contain any combination of cluster-wide permissions, index-specific permissions, document- and field-level security, and tenants. Then you map users to these roles so that users gain those permissions.
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Unless you need to create new [reserved or hidden users]({{site.url}}{{site.baseurl}}/security-plugin/access-control/api#reserved-and-hidden-resources), we **highly** recommend using OpenSearch Dashboards or the REST API to create new users, roles, and role mappings. The `.yml` files are for initial setup, not ongoing use.
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{: .warning }
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---
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#### Table of contents
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1. TOC
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{:toc}
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---
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## Create users
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You can create users using OpenSearch Dashboards, `internal_users.yml`, or the REST API. When creating a user, you can map users to roles using `internal_users.yml` or the REST API, but that feature is not currently available in OpenSearch Dashboards.
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### OpenSearch Dashboards
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1. Choose **Security**, **Internal Users**, and **Create internal user**.
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1. Provide a username and password. The security plugin automatically hashes the password and stores it in the `.opendistro_security` index.
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1. If desired, specify user attributes.
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Attributes are optional user properties that you can use for variable substitution in index permissions or document-level security.
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1. Choose **Submit**.
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### internal_users.yml
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See [YAML files]({{site.url}}{{site.baseurl}}/security-plugin/configuration/yaml#internal_usersyml).
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### REST API
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See [Create user]({{site.url}}{{site.baseurl}}/security-plugin/access-control/api#create-user).
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## Create roles
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Just like users, you can create roles using OpenSearch Dashboards, `roles.yml`, or the REST API.
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### OpenSearch Dashboards
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1. Choose **Security**, **Roles**, and **Create role**.
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1. Provide a name for the role.
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1. Add permissions as desired.
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For example, you might give a role no cluster permissions, `read` permissions to two indices, `unlimited` permissions to a third index, and read permissions to the `analysts` tenant.
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1. Choose **Submit**.
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### roles.yml
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See [YAML files]({{site.url}}{{site.baseurl}}/security-plugin/configuration/yaml#rolesyml).
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### REST API
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See [Create role]({{site.url}}{{site.baseurl}}/security-plugin/access-control/api#create-role).
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## Map users to roles
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If you didn't specify roles when you created your user, you can map roles to it afterwards.
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Just like users and roles, you create role mappings using OpenSearch Dashboards, `roles_mapping.yml`, or the REST API.
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### OpenSearch Dashboards
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1. Choose **Security**, **Roles**, and a role.
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1. Choose the **Mapped users** tab and **Manage mapping**.
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1. Specify users or external identities (also known as backend roles).
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1. Choose **Map**.
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### roles_mapping.yml
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See [YAML files]({{site.url}}{{site.baseurl}}/security-plugin/configuration/yaml#roles_mappingyml).
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### REST API
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See [Create role mapping]({{site.url}}{{site.baseurl}}/security-plugin/access-control/api#create-role-mapping).
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## Predefined roles
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The security plugin includes several predefined roles that serve as useful defaults.
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Role | Description
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:--- | :---
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`alerting_ack_alerts` | Grants permissions to view and acknowledge alerts, but not modify destinations or monitors.
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`alerting_full_access` | Grants full permissions to all alerting actions.
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`alerting_read_access` | Grants permissions to view alerts, destinations, and monitors, but not acknowledge alerts or modify destinations or monitors.
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`anomaly_full_access` | Grants full permissions to all anomaly detection actions.
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`anomaly_read_access` | Grants permissions to view detectors, but not create, modify, or delete detectors.
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`all_access` | Grants full access to the cluster: all cluster-wide operations, write to all indices, write to all tenants.
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`cross_cluster_replication_follower_full_access` | Grants full access to perform cross-cluster replication actions on the follower cluster.
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`cross_cluster_replication_leader_full_access` | Grants full access to perform cross-cluster replication actions on the leader cluster.
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`observability_full_access` | Grants full access to perform actions on Observability objects such as visualizations, notebooks, and operational panels.
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`observability_read_access` | Grants permission to view Observability objects such as visualizations, notebooks, and operational panels, but not create, modify, or delete them.
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`opensearch_dashboards_read_only` | A special role that prevents users from making changes to visualizations, dashboards, and other OpenSearch Dashboards objects. See `opensearch_security.readonly_mode.roles` in `opensearch_dashboards.yml`. Pair with the `opensearch_dashboards_user` role.
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`opensearch_dashboards_user` | Grants permissions to use OpenSearch Dashboards: cluster-wide searches, index monitoring, and write to various OpenSearch Dashboards indices.
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`logstash` | Grants permissions for Logstash to interact with the cluster: cluster-wide searches, cluster monitoring, and write to the various Logstash indices.
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`manage_snapshots` | Grants permissions to manage snapshot repositories, take snapshots, and restore snapshots.
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`readall` | Grants permissions for cluster-wide searches like `msearch` and search permissions for all indices.
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`readall_and_monitor` | Same as `readall`, but with added cluster monitoring permissions.
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`security_rest_api_access` | A special role that allows access to the REST API. See `plugins.security.restapi.roles_enabled` in `opensearch.yml` and [Access control for the API]({{site.url}}{{site.baseurl}}/security-plugin/access-control/api#access-control-for-the-api).
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`reports_read_access` | Grants permissions to generate on-demand reports, download existing reports, and view report definitions, but not to create report definitions.
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`reports_instances_read_access` | Grants permissions to generate on-demand reports and download existing reports, but not to view or create report definitions.
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`reports_full_access` | Grants full permissions to reports.
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`asynchronous_search_full_access` | Grants full permissions to all asynchronous search actions.
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`asynchronous_search_read_access` | Grants permissions to view asynchronous searches but not to submit, modify, or delete async searches.
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`index_management_full_access` | Grants full permissions to all index management actions, including ISM, transforms, and rollups.
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`snapshot_management_full_access` | Grants full permissions to all snapshot management actions.
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`snapshot_management_read_access` | Grants permissions to view policies but not create, modify, start, stop, or delete them.
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For more detailed summaries of the permissions for each role, reference their action groups against the descriptions in [Default action groups]({{site.url}}{{site.baseurl}}/security-plugin/access-control/default-action-groups/).
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## Sample roles
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The following examples show how you might set up a read-only and a bulk access role.
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### Set up a read-only user in OpenSearch Dashboards
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Create a new `read_only_index` role:
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1. Open OpenSearch Dashboards.
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1. Choose **Security**, **Roles**.
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1. Create a new role named `read_only_index`.
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1. For **Cluster permissions**, add the `cluster_composite_ops_ro` action group.
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1. For **Index Permissions**, add an index pattern. For example, you might specify `my-index-*`.
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1. For index permissions, add the `read` action group.
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1. Choose **Create**.
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Map three roles to the read-only user:
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1. Choose the **Mapped users** tab and **Manage mapping**.
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1. For **Internal users**, add your read-only user.
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1. Choose **Map**.
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1. Repeat these steps for the `opensearch_dashboards_user` and `opensearch_dashboards_read_only` roles.
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### Set up a bulk access role in OpenSearch Dashboards
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Create a new `bulk_access` role:
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1. Open OpenSearch Dashboards.
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1. Choose **Security**, **Roles**.
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1. Create a new role named `bulk_access`.
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1. For **Cluster permissions**, add the `cluster_composite_ops` action group.
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1. For **Index Permissions**, add an index pattern. For example, you might specify `my-index-*`.
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1. For index permissions, add the `write` action group.
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1. Choose **Create**.
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Map the role to your user:
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1. Choose the **Mapped users** tab and **Manage mapping**.
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1. For **Internal users**, add your bulk access user.
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1. Choose **Map**.
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