opensearch-docs-cn/_api-reference/document-apis/index-document.md

layout	title	parent	nav_order
default	Index document	Document APIs	1

Index document

Introduced 1.0 {: .label .label-purple}

Before you can search for data, you must first add documents. This operation adds a single document to your index.

Example

PUT sample-index/_doc/1
{
  "Description": "To be or not to be, that is the question."
}

Path and HTTP methods

PUT <index>/_doc/<_id>
POST <index>/_doc

PUT <index>/_create/<_id>
POST <index>/_create/<_id>

URL parameters

In your request, you must specify the index you want to add your document to. If the index doesn't already exist, OpenSearch automatically creates the index and adds in your document. All other URL parameters are optional.

Parameter	Type	Description	Required
<index>	String	Name of the index.	Yes
<_id>	String	A unique identifier to attach to the document. To automatically generate an ID, use POST <target>/doc in your request instead of PUT.	No
if_seq_no	Integer	Only perform the index operation if the document has the specified sequence number.	No
if_primary_term	Integer	Only perform the index operation if the document has the specified primary term.	No
op_type	Enum	Specifies the type of operation to complete with the document. Valid values are create (create the index if it doesn't exist) and index. If a document ID is included in the request, then the default is index. Otherwise, the default is create.	No
pipeline	String	Route the index operation to a certain pipeline.	No
routing	String	value used to assign the index operation to a specific shard.	No
refresh	Enum	If true, OpenSearch refreshes shards to make the operation visible to searching. Valid options are true, false, and wait_for, which tells OpenSearch to wait for a refresh before executing the operation. Default is false.	No
timeout	Time	How long to wait for a response from the cluster. Default is 1m.	No
version	Integer	The document's version number.	No
version_type	Enum	Assigns a specific type to the document. Valid options are external (retrieve the document if the specified version number is greater than the document's current version) and external_gte (retrieve the document if the specified version number is greater than or equal to the document's current version). For example, to index version 3 of a document, use /_doc/1?version=3&version_type=external.	No
wait_for_active_shards	String	The number of active shards that must be available before OpenSearch processes the request. Default is 1 (only the primary shard). Set to all or a positive integer. Values greater than 1 require replicas. For example, if you specify a value of 3, the index must have two replicas distributed across two additional nodes for the operation to succeed.	No
require_alias	Boolean	Specifies whether the target index must be an index alias. Default is false.	No

Request body

Your request body must contain the information you want to index.

{
  "Description": "This is just a sample document"
}

Response

{
  "_index": "sample-index",
  "_id": "1",
  "_version": 1,
  "result": "created",
  "_shards": {
    "total": 2,
    "successful": 1,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "_seq_no": 0,
  "_primary_term": 1
}

Response body fields

Field	Description
_index	The name of the index.
_id	The document's ID.
_version	The document's version.
result	The result of the index operation.
_shards	Detailed information about the cluster's shards.
total	The total number of shards.
successful	The number of shards OpenSearch succssfully added the document to.
failed	The number of shards OpenSearch failed to added the document to.
_seq_no	The sequence number assigned when the document was indexed.
_primary_term	The primary term assigned when the document was indexed.