128 lines
3.4 KiB
Markdown
128 lines
3.4 KiB
Markdown
---
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layout: default
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title: Document-Level Security
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parent: Access Control
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grand_parent: Security
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nav_order: 10
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---
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# Document-level security
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Document-level security lets you restrict a role to a subset of documents in an index. The easiest way to get started with document- and field-level security is open OpenSearch Dashboards and choose **Security**. Then choose **Roles**, create a new role, and review the **Index permissions** section.
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## Simple roles
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Document-level security uses the OpenSearch query DSL to define which documents a role grants access to. In OpenSearch Dashboards, choose an index pattern and provide a query in the **Document level security** section:
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```json
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{
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"bool": {
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"must": {
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"match": {
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"genres": "Comedy"
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}
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}
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}
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}
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```
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This query specifies that for the role to have access to a document, its `genres` field must include `Comedy`.
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A typical request to the `_search` API includes `{ "query": { ... } }` around the query, but in this case, you only need to specify the query itself.
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In the REST API, you provide the query as a string, so you must escape your quotes. This role allows a user to read any document in any index with the field `public` set to `true`:
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```json
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PUT _opensearch/_security/api/roles/public_data
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{
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"cluster_permissions": [
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"*"
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],
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"index_permissions": [{
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"index_patterns": [
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"pub*"
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],
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"dls": "{\"term\": { \"public\": true}}",
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"allowed_actions": [
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"read"
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]
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}]
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}
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```
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These queries can be as complex as you want, but we recommend keeping them simple to minimize the performance impact that the document-level security feature has on the cluster.
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{: .warning }
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## Parameter substitution
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A number of variables exist that you can use to enforce rules based on the properties of a user. For example, `${user.name}` is replaced with the name of the current user.
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This rule allows a user to read any document where the username is a value of the `readable_by` field:
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```json
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PUT _opensearch/_security/api/roles/user_data
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{
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"cluster_permissions": [
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"*"
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],
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"index_permissions": [{
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"index_patterns": [
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"pub*"
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],
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"dls": "{\"term\": { \"readable_by\": \"${user.name}\"}}",
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"allowed_actions": [
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"read"
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]
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}]
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}
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```
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This table lists substitutions.
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Term | Replaced with
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:--- | :---
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`${user.name}` | Username.
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`${user.roles}` | A comma-separated, quoted list of user roles.
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`${attr.<TYPE>.<NAME>}` | An attribute with name `<NAME>` defined for a user. `<TYPE>` is `internal`, `jwt`, `proxy` or `ldap`
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## Attribute-based security
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You can use roles and parameter substitution with the `terms_set` query to enable attribute-based security.
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> Note that the `security_attributes` of the index need to be of type `keyword`.
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#### User definition
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```json
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PUT _opensearch/_security/api/internalusers/user1
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{
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"password": "asdf",
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"backend_roles": ["abac"],
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"attributes": {
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"permissions": "\"att1\", \"att2\", \"att3\""
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}
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}
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```
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#### Role definition
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```json
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PUT _opensearch/_security/api/roles/abac
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{
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"index_permissions": [{
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"index_patterns": [
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"*"
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],
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"dls": "{\"terms_set\": {\"security_attributes\": {\"terms\": [${attr.internal.permissions}], \"minimum_should_match_script\": {\"source\": \"doc['security_attributes'].length\"}}}}",
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"allowed_actions": [
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"read"
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]
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}]
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}
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```
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