opensearch-docs-cn/_security/access-control/permissions.md

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Permissions

Each permission in the Security plugin controls access to some action that the OpenSearch cluster can perform, such as indexing a document or checking cluster health.

Most permissions are self-describing. For example, cluster:admin/ingest/pipeline/get lets you retrieve information about ingest pipelines. In many cases, a permission correlates to a specific REST API operation, such as GET _ingest/pipeline.

Despite this correlation, permissions do not directly map to REST API operations. Operations such as POST _bulk and GET _msearch can access many indexes and perform many actions in a single request. Even a simple request, such as GET _cat/nodes, performs several actions in order to generate its response.

In short, controlling access to the REST API is insufficient. Instead, the Security plugin controls access to the underlying OpenSearch actions.

For example, consider the following _bulk request:

POST _bulk
{ "delete": { "_index": "test-index", "_id": "tt2229499" } }
{ "index": { "_index": "test-index", "_id": "tt1979320" } }
{ "title": "Rush", "year": 2013 }
{ "create": { "_index": "test-index", "_id": "tt1392214" } }
{ "title": "Prisoners", "year": 2013 }
{ "update": { "_index": "test-index", "_id": "tt0816711" } }
{ "doc" : { "title": "World War Z" } }

For this request to succeed, you must have the following permissions for test-index:

• indices:data/write/bulk*
• indices:data/write/delete
• indices:data/write/index
• indices:data/write/update

These permissions also allow you add, update, or delete documents (e.g. PUT test-index/_doc/tt0816711), because they govern the underlying OpenSearch actions of indexing and deleting documents rather than a specific API path and HTTP method.

Test permissions

If you want a user to have the absolute minimum set of permissions necessary to perform some function—the principle of least privilege—the best way is to send representative requests to your cluster as a new test user. In the case of a permissions error, the Security plugin is very explicit about which permissions are missing. Consider this request and response:

GET _cat/shards?v

{
  "error": {
    "root_cause": [{
      "type": "security_exception",
      "reason": "no permissions for [indices:monitor/stats] and User [name=test-user, backend_roles=[], requestedTenant=null]"
    }]
  },
  "status": 403
}

Create a user and a role, map the role to the user, and start sending signed requests using curl, Postman, or any other client. Then gradually add permissions to the role as you encounter errors. Even after you resolve one permissions error, the same request might generate new errors; the plugin only returns the first error it encounters, so keep trying until the request succeeds.

Rather than individual permissions, you can often achieve your desired security posture using a combination of the default action groups. See Default action groups for descriptions of the permissions that each group grants. {: .tip }

System index permissions

System index permissions are unique among other permissions in that they extend some traditional admin-only accessibility to non-admin users. These permissions give normal users the ability to modify any system index specified in the role or roles to which they are mapped. The exception to this is the security system index, .opendistro_security, which is used to store the Security plugin's configuration YAML files and remains accessible only to admins with an admin certificate.

Along with standard index permissions, you specify system index permissions in the roles.yml configuration file under index_permissions (see roles.yml). This involves a two-step process: 1) adding the system index in the index_patterns section and 2) specifying system:admin/system_index in the role's allowed_actions section.

For example, the system index permission that gives a user permission to modify the system index that stores configurations for the Alerting plugin is defined by the index pattern .opendistro-alerting-config, and its allowed action is defined as system:admin/system_index. The following role shows how this system index permission is configured along with other attributes:

alerting-role:
  reserved: true
  hidden: false
  cluster_permissions:
    - 'cluster:admin/opendistro/alerting/alerts/ack'
    - 'cluster:admin/opendistro/alerting/alerts/get'
  index_permissions:
    - index_patterns:
        - .opendistro-alerting-config
    - allowed_actions:
        - 'system:admin/system_index'

{% include copy.html %}

System index permissions also work with the wildcard to include all variations of a partial system index name. This can be useful, but it should be used with caution to avoid giving unintentional access to system indexes. When specifying system indexes for roles, keep the following considerations in mind:

• Specifying the full name of a system index limits access to only that index: .opendistro-alerting-config.

• Specifying a partial name for a system index along with the wildcard provides access to all system indexes that begin with that name: .opendistro-anomaly-detector*.

• Although not recommended---given the wide-reaching access granted by this role definition---using * for the index pattern along with system:admin/system_index as an allowed action grants access to all system indexes.

  Entering the wildcard * by itself under allowed_actions does not automatically grant access to system indexes. The allowed action system:admin/system_index must be explicitly added. {: .note }

The following example shows a role that grants access to all system indexes:

index_permissions:
    - index_patterns:
        - '*'
    - allowed_actions:
        - 'system:admin/system_index'

Verifying system index access

You can use the CAT indices operation to see all indexes associated with any index pattern in your permissions configuration and verify that the permissions provide the access you intended. For example, if you want to verify a permission that includes system indexes beginning with the prefix .kibana, you can run the GET /_cat/indices/.kibana* call to return all indexes associated with that prefix.

The following example response shows the three system indexes associated with the index pattern .kibana*:

health | status | index | uuid | pri | rep | docs.count | docs.deleted | store.size | pri.store.size
green open .kibana_1 XmTePICFRoSNf5O5uLgwRw 1 1 220 0 468.3kb 232.1kb
green open .kibana_2 XmTePICFRoSNf5O5uLgwRw 1 1 220 0 468.3kb 232.1kb
green open .kibana_3 XmTePICFRoSNf5O5uLgwRw 1 1 220 0 468.3kb 232.1kb

Enabling system index permissions

Users that have the permission restapi:admin/roles are able to map system index permissions to all users in the same way they would for a cluster or index permission in the roles.yml file. However, to preserve some control over this permission, the plugins.security.system_indices.permissions.enabled setting allows you to enable or disable the system index permissions feature. This setting is disabled by default. To enable the system index permissions feature, set plugins.security.system_indices.permissions.enabled to true. For more information about this setting, see Enabling user access to system indexes.

Keep in mind that enabling this feature and mapping system index permissions to normal users gives those users access to indexes that may contain sensitive information and configurations essential to a cluster's health. We also recommend caution when mapping users to restapi:admin/roles because this permission gives a user not only the ability to assign the system index permission to another user but also the ability to self-assign access to any system index. {: .warning }

Cluster permissions

These permissions are for the cluster and can't be applied granularly. For example, you either have permissions to take snapshots (cluster:admin/snapshot/create) or you don't. The cluster permission, therefore, cannot grant a user privileges to take snapshots of a select set of indexes while preventing the user from taking snapshots of others.

Cross-references to API documentation in the permissions that follow are only intended to provide an understanding of the permissions. As stated at the beginning of this section, permissions often correlate to APIs but do not map directly to them. {: .note }

Ingest API permissions

See Ingest APIs.

• cluster:admin/ingest/pipeline/delete
• cluster:admin/ingest/pipeline/get
• cluster:admin/ingest/pipeline/put
• cluster:admin/ingest/pipeline/simulate
• cluster:admin/ingest/processor/grok/get

Anomaly detection permissions

See Anomaly Detection API.

• cluster:admin/opendistro/ad/detector/delete
• cluster:admin/opendistro/ad/detector/info
• cluster:admin/opendistro/ad/detector/jobmanagement
• cluster:admin/opendistro/ad/detector/preview
• cluster:admin/opendistro/ad/detector/run
• cluster:admin/opendistro/ad/detector/search
• cluster:admin/opendistro/ad/detector/stats
• cluster:admin/opendistro/ad/detector/write
• cluster:admin/opendistro/ad/detector/validate
• cluster:admin/opendistro/ad/detectors/get
• cluster:admin/opendistro/ad/result/search
• cluster:admin/opendistro/ad/result/topAnomalies
• cluster:admin/opendistro/ad/tasks/search

Alerting permissions

See Alerting API.

• cluster:admin/opendistro/alerting/alerts/ack
• cluster:admin/opendistro/alerting/alerts/get
• cluster:admin/opendistro/alerting/destination/delete
• cluster:admin/opendistro/alerting/destination/email_account/delete
• cluster:admin/opendistro/alerting/destination/email_account/get
• cluster:admin/opendistro/alerting/destination/email_account/search
• cluster:admin/opendistro/alerting/destination/email_account/write
• cluster:admin/opendistro/alerting/destination/email_group/delete
• cluster:admin/opendistro/alerting/destination/email_group/get
• cluster:admin/opendistro/alerting/destination/email_group/search
• cluster:admin/opendistro/alerting/destination/email_group/write
• cluster:admin/opendistro/alerting/destination/get
• cluster:admin/opendistro/alerting/destination/write
• cluster:admin/opendistro/alerting/monitor/delete
• cluster:admin/opendistro/alerting/monitor/execute
• cluster:admin/opendistro/alerting/monitor/get
• cluster:admin/opendistro/alerting/monitor/search
• cluster:admin/opendistro/alerting/monitor/write

Asynchronous Search permissions

See Asynchronous search.

• cluster:admin/opendistro/asynchronous_search/stats
• cluster:admin/opendistro/asynchronous_search/delete
• cluster:admin/opendistro/asynchronous_search/get
• cluster:admin/opendistro/asynchronous_search/submit

Index State Management permissions

See ISM API.

• cluster:admin/opendistro/ism/managedindex/add
• cluster:admin/opendistro/ism/managedindex/change
• cluster:admin/opendistro/ism/managedindex/remove
• cluster:admin/opendistro/ism/managedindex/explain
• cluster:admin/opendistro/ism/managedindex/retry
• cluster:admin/opendistro/ism/policy/write
• cluster:admin/opendistro/ism/policy/get
• cluster:admin/opendistro/ism/policy/search
• cluster:admin/opendistro/ism/policy/delete

Index rollups permissions

See Index rollups API.

• cluster:admin/opendistro/rollup/index
• cluster:admin/opendistro/rollup/get
• cluster:admin/opendistro/rollup/search
• cluster:admin/opendistro/rollup/delete
• cluster:admin/opendistro/rollup/start
• cluster:admin/opendistro/rollup/stop
• cluster:admin/opendistro/rollup/explain

Reporting permissions

See Creating reports with the Dashboards interface.

• cluster:admin/opendistro/reports/definition/create
• cluster:admin/opendistro/reports/definition/update
• cluster:admin/opendistro/reports/definition/on_demand
• cluster:admin/opendistro/reports/definition/delete
• cluster:admin/opendistro/reports/definition/get
• cluster:admin/opendistro/reports/definition/list
• cluster:admin/opendistro/reports/instance/list
• cluster:admin/opendistro/reports/instance/get
• cluster:admin/opendistro/reports/menu/download

Transform job permissions

See Transforms APIs

• cluster:admin/opendistro/transform/index
• cluster:admin/opendistro/transform/get
• cluster:admin/opendistro/transform/preview
• cluster:admin/opendistro/transform/delete
• cluster:admin/opendistro/transform/start
• cluster:admin/opendistro/transform/stop
• cluster:admin/opendistro/transform/explain

Observability permissions

See Observability security.

• cluster:admin/opensearch/observability/create
• cluster:admin/opensearch/observability/update
• cluster:admin/opensearch/observability/delete
• cluster:admin/opensearch/observability/get

Cross-cluster replication

See Cross-cluster replication security.

• cluster:admin/plugins/replication/autofollow/update

Reindex

See Reindex document.

• cluster:admin/reindex/rethrottle

Snapshot repository permissions

See Snapshot APIs.

• cluster:admin/repository/delete
• cluster:admin/repository/get
• cluster:admin/repository/put
• cluster:admin/repository/verify

Reroute

See Cluster manager task throttling.

• cluster:admin/reroute

Script permissions

See Script APIs.

• cluster:admin/script/delete
• cluster:admin/script/get
• cluster:admin/script/put

Update settings permission

See Update settings on the Index APIs page.

• cluster:admin/settings/update

Snapshot permissions

See Snapshot APIs.

• cluster:admin/snapshot/create
• cluster:admin/snapshot/delete
• cluster:admin/snapshot/get
• cluster:admin/snapshot/restore
• cluster:admin/snapshot/status
• cluster:admin/snapshot/status*

Task permissions

See Tasks in the API Reference section.

• cluster:admin/tasks/cancel
• cluster:admin/tasks/test
• cluster:admin/tasks/testunblock

Security Analytics permissions

See API tools.

Permission	Description
cluster:admin/opensearch/securityanalytics/alerts/get	Permission to get alerts
cluster:admin/opensearch/securityanalytics/alerts/ack	Permission to acknowledge alerts
cluster:admin/opensearch/securityanalytics/detector/get	Permission to get detectors
cluster:admin/opensearch/securityanalytics/detector/search	Permission to search detectors
cluster:admin/opensearch/securityanalytics/detector/write	Permission to create and update detectors
cluster:admin/opensearch/securityanalytics/detector/delete	Permission to delete detectors
cluster:admin/opensearch/securityanalytics/findings/get	Permission to get findings
cluster:admin/opensearch/securityanalytics/mapping/get	Permission to get field mappings by index
cluster:admin/opensearch/securityanalytics/mapping/view/get	Permission to get field mappings by index and view mapped and unmapped fields
cluster:admin/opensearch/securityanalytics/mapping/create	Permission to create field mappings
cluster:admin/opensearch/securityanalytics/mapping/update	Permission to update field mappings
cluster:admin/opensearch/securityanalytics/rules/categories	Permission to get all rule categories
cluster:admin/opensearch/securityanalytics/rule/write	Permission to create and update rules
cluster:admin/opensearch/securityanalytics/rule/search	Permission to search for rules
cluster:admin/opensearch/securityanalytics/rules/validate	Permission to validate rules
cluster:admin/opensearch/securityanalytics/rule/delete	Permission to delete rules

Monitoring permissions

Cluster permissions for monitoring the cluster apply to read-only operations, such as checking cluster health and getting information about usage on nodes or tasks running in the cluster.

See REST API reference.

• cluster:monitor/allocation/explain
• cluster:monitor/health
• cluster:monitor/main
• cluster:monitor/nodes/hot_threads
• cluster:monitor/nodes/info
• cluster:monitor/nodes/liveness
• cluster:monitor/nodes/stats
• cluster:monitor/nodes/usage
• cluster:monitor/remote/info
• cluster:monitor/state
• cluster:monitor/stats
• cluster:monitor/task
• cluster:monitor/task/get
• cluster:monitor/tasks/lists

Index templates

The index template permissions are for indexes but apply globally to the cluster.

See Index templates.

• indices:admin/index_template/delete
• indices:admin/index_template/get
• indices:admin/index_template/put
• indices:admin/index_template/simulate
• indices:admin/index_template/simulate_index

Index permissions

These permissions apply to an index or index pattern. You might want a user to have read access to all indexes (that is, *), but write access to only a few (for example, web-logs and product-catalog).

Permission	Description
indices:admin/aliases	Permissions for index aliases.
indices:admin/aliases/get	Permission to get index aliases.
indices:admin/analyze	Permission to use the Analyze API.
indices:admin/cache/clear	Permission to clear cache.
indices:admin/close	Permission to close an index.
indices:admin/close*	Permission to close an index.
indices:admin/create	Permission to create indexes.
indices:admin/data_stream/create	Permission to create data streams.
indices:admin/data_stream/delete	Permission to delete data streams.
indices:admin/data_stream/get	Permission to get data streams.
indices:admin/delete	Permission to delete indexes.
indices:admin/exists	Permission to use exists query.
indices:admin/flush	Permission to flush an index.
indices:admin/flush*	Permission to flush an index.
indices:admin/forcemerge	Permission to force merge indexes and data streams.
indices:admin/get	Permission to get index and mapping.
indices:admin/mapping/put	Permission to add new mappings and fields to an index.
indices:admin/mappings/fields/get	Permission to get mappings fields.
indices:admin/mappings/fields/get*	Permission to get mappings fields.
indices:admin/mappings/get	Permission to get mappings.
indices:admin/open	Permission to open an index.
indices:admin/plugins/replication/index/setup/validate	Permission to validate a connection to a remote cluster.
indices:admin/plugins/replication/index/start	Permission to start cross-cluster replication.
indices:admin/plugins/replication/index/pause	Permission to pause cross-cluster replication.
indices:admin/plugins/replication/index/resume	Permission to resume cross-cluster replication.
indices:admin/plugins/replication/index/stop	Permission to stop cross-cluster replication.
indices:admin/plugins/replication/index/update	Permission to update cross-cluster replication settings.
indices:admin/plugins/replication/index/status_check	Permission to check the status of cross-cluster replication.
indices:admin/refresh	Permission to use the index refresh API.
indices:admin/refresh*	Permission to use the index refresh API.
indices:admin/resolve/index	Permission to resolve index names, index aliases and data streams.
indices:admin/rollover	Permission to perform index rollover.
indices:admin/seq_no/global_checkpoint_sync	Permission to perform a global checkpoint sync.
indices:admin/settings/update	Permission to update index settings.
indices:admin/shards/search_shards	Permission to perform cross cluster search.
indices:admin/template/delete	Permission to delete index templates.
indices:admin/template/get	Permission to get index templates.
indices:admin/template/put	Permission to create index templates.
indices:admin/upgrade	Permission for administrators to perform upgrades.
indices:admin/validate/query	Permission to validate a specific query.
indices:data/read/explain	Permission to run the Explain API.
indices:data/read/field_caps	Permission to run the Field Capabilities API.
indices:data/read/field_caps*	Permission to run the Field Capabilities API.
indices:data/read/get	Permission to read index data.
indices:data/read/mget	Permission to run multiple GET operations in one request.
indices:data/read/mget*	Permission to run multiple GET operations in one request.
indices:data/read/msearch	Permission to run multiple search requests into a single request.
indices:data/read/msearch/template	Permission to bundle multiple search templates and send them to your OpenSearch cluster in a single request.
indices:data/read/mtv	Permission to retrieve multiple term vectors with a single request.
indices:data/read/mtv*	Permission to retrieve multiple term vectors with a single request.
indices:data/read/plugins/replication/file_chunk	Permission to check files during segment replication.
indices:data/read/plugins/replication/changes	Permission to make changes to segment replication settings.
indices:data/read/scroll	Permission to scroll data.
indices:data/read/scroll/clear	Permission to clear read scroll data.
indices:data/read/search	Permission to search data.
indices:data/read/search*	Permission to search data.
indices:data/read/search/template	Permission to read a search template.
indices:data/read/tv	Permission to retrieve information and statistics for terms in the fields of a particular document.
indices:data/write/bulk	Permission to run a bulk request.
indices:data/write/bulk*	Permission to run a bulk request.
indices:data/write/delete	Permission to delete documents.
indices:data/write/delete/byquery	Permission to delete all documents that match a query.
indices:data/write/plugins/replication/changes	Permission to make changes to data replication configurations and settings within indices.
indices:data/write/index	Permission to add documents to existing indexes. See also Index document.
indices:data/write/reindex	Permission to run a reindex.
indices:data/write/update	Permission to update an index.
indices:data/write/update/byquery	Permission to run the script to update all of the documents that match the query.
indices:monitor/data_stream/stats	Permission to stream stats.
indices:monitor/recovery	Permission to access recovery stats.
indices:monitor/segments	Permission to access segment stats.
indices:monitor/settings/get	Permission to get mointor settings.
indices:monitor/shard_stores	Permission to access shard store stats.
indices:monitor/stats	Permission to access monitoring stats.
indices:monitor/upgrade	Permission to access upgrade stats.

Security REST permissions

These permissions apply to REST APIs to control access to the endpoints. Granting access to any of these will allow a user the permission to change fundamental operational components of the Security plugin. Allowing access to these endpoints has the potential to trigger operational changes in the cluster. Proceed with caution. {: .warning }

• restapi:admin/actiongroups
• restapi:admin/allowlist
• restapi:admin/internalusers
• restapi:admin/nodesdn
• restapi:admin/roles
• restapi:admin/rolesmapping
• restapi:admin/ssl/certs/info
• restapi:admin/ssl/certs/reload
• restapi:admin/tenants