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default OpenID Connect Configuration Security 32

OpenID Connect

The security plugin can integrate with identify providers that use the OpenID Connect standard. This feature enables the following:

  • Automatic configuration

    Point the security plugin to the metadata of your identity provider (IdP), and the security plugin uses that data for configuration.

  • Automatic key fetching

    The security plugin automatically retrieves the public key for validating the JSON web tokens (JWTs) from the JSON web key set (JWKS) endpoint of your IdP. You don't have to configure keys or shared secrets in config.yml.

  • Key rollover

    You can change the keys used for signing the JWTs directly in your IdP. If the security plugin detects an unknown key, it tries to retrieve it from the IdP. This rollover is transparent to the user.

  • OpenSearch Dashboards single sign-on

Configure OpenID Connect integration

To integrate with an OpenID IdP, set up an authentication domain and choose openid as the HTTP authentication type. JSON web tokens already contain all required information to verify the request, so set challenge to false and authentication_backend to noop.

This is the minimal configuration:

openid_auth_domain:
  http_enabled: true
  transport_enabled: true
  order: 0
  http_authenticator:
    type: openid
    challenge: false
    config:
      subject_key: preferred_username
      roles_key: roles
      openid_connect_url: https://keycloak.example.com:8080/auth/realms/master/.well-known/openid-configuration
  authentication_backend:
    type: noop

The following table shows the configuration parameters.

Name Description
openid_connect_url The URL of your IdP where the security plugin can find the OpenID Connect metadata/configuration settings. This URL differs between IdPs. Required.
jwt_header The HTTP header that stores the token. Typically the Authorization header with the Bearer schema: Authorization: Bearer <token>. Optional. Default is Authorization.
jwt_url_parameter If the token is not transmitted in the HTTP header, but as an URL parameter, define the name of the parameter here. Optional.
subject_key The key in the JSON payload that stores the user's name. If not defined, the subject registered claim is used. Most IdP providers use the preferred_username claim. Optional.
roles_key The key in the JSON payload that stores the user's roles. The value of this key must be a comma-separated list of roles. Required only if you want to use roles in the JWT.

OpenID Connect URL

OpenID Connect specifies various endpoints for integration purposes. The most important endpoint is well-known, which lists endpoints and other configuration options for the security plugin.

The URL differs between IdPs, but usually ends in /.well-known/openid-configuration.

Keycloak example:

http(s)://<server>:<port>/auth/realms/<realm>/.well-known/openid-configuration

The main information that the security plugin needs is jwks_uri. This URI specifies where the IdP's public keys in JWKS format can be found. For example:

jwks_uri: "https://keycloak.example.com:8080/auth/realms/master/protocol/openid-connect/certs"

{  
   keys:[  
      {  
         kid:"V-diposfUJIk5jDBFi_QRouiVinG5PowskcSWy5EuCo",
         kty:"RSA",
         alg:"RS256",
         use:"sig",
         n:"rI8aUrAcI_auAdF10KUopDOmEFa4qlUUaNoTER90XXWADtKne6VsYoD3ZnHGFXvPkRAQLM5d65ScBzWungcbLwZGWtWf5T2NzQj0wDyquMRwwIAsFDFtAZWkXRfXeXrFY0irYUS9rIJDafyMRvBbSz1FwWG7RTQkILkwiC4B8W1KdS5d9EZ8JPhrXvPMvW509g0GhLlkBSbPBeRSUlAS2Kk6nY5i3m6fi1H9CP3Y_X-TzOjOTsxQA_1pdP5uubXPUh5YfJihXcgewO9XXiqGDuQn6wZ3hrF6HTlhNWGcSyQPKh1gEcmXWQlRENZMvYET-BuJEE7eKyM5vRhjNoYR3w",
         e:"AQAB"
      }
   ]
}

For more information about IdP endpoints, see the following:

Fetching public keys

When an IdP generates and signs a JSON web token, it must add the ID of the key to the JWT header. For example:

{
  "alg": "RS256",
  "typ": "JWT",
  "kid": "V-diposfUJIk5jDBFi_QRouiVinG5PowskcSWy5EuCo"
}

As per the OpenID Connect specification, the kid (key ID) is mandatory. Token verification does not work if an IdP fails to add the kid field to the JWT.

If the security plugin receives a JWT with an unknown kid, it visits the IdP's jwks_uri and retrieves all available, valid keys. These keys are used and cached until a refresh is triggered by retrieving another unknown key ID.

Key rollover and multiple public keys

The security plugin can maintain multiple valid public keys at once. The OpenID specification does not allow for a validity period of public keys, so a key is valid until it has been removed from the list of valid keys in your IdP and the list of valid keys has been refreshed.

If you want to roll over a key in your IdP, follow these best practices:

  • Create a new key pair in your IdP, and give the new key a higher priority than the currently used key.

    Your IdP uses this new key over the old key.

  • Upon first appearance of the new kid in a JWT, the security plugin refreshes the key list.

    At this point, both the old key and the new key are valid. Tokens signed with the old key are also still valid.

  • The old key can be removed from your IdP when the last JWT signed with this key has timed out.

If you have to immediately change your public key, you can also delete the old key first and then create a new one. In this case, all JWTs signed with the old key become invalid immediately.

TLS settings

To prevent man-in-the-middle attacks, you should secure the connection between the security plugin and your IdP with TLS.

Enabling TLS

Use the following parameters to enable TLS for connecting to your IdP:

config:
  enable_ssl: <true|false>
  verify_hostnames: <true|false>
Name Description
enable_ssl Whether to use TLS. Default is false.
verify_hostnames Whether to verify the hostnames of the IdP's TLS certificate. Default is true.

Certificate validation

To validate the TLS certificate of your IdP, configure either the path to the IdP's root CA or the root certificate's content:

config:
  pemtrustedcas_filepath: /path/to/trusted_cas.pem

config:
  pemtrustedcas_content: |-
    MIID/jCCAuagAwIBAgIBATANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQUFADCBjzETMBEGCgmSJomT8ixk
    ARkWA2NvbTEXMBUGCgmSJomT8ixkARkWB2V4YW1wbGUxGTAXBgNVBAoMEEV4YW1w
    bGUgQ29tIEluYy4xITAfBgNVBAsMGEV4YW1wbGUgQ29tIEluYy4gUm9vdCBDQTEh
    ...
Name Description
pemtrustedcas_filepath Absolute path to the PEM file containing the root CAs of your IdP.
pemtrustedcas_content The root CA content of your IdP. Cannot be used if pemtrustedcas_filepath is set.

TLS client authentication

To use TLS client authentication, configure the PEM certificate and private key the security plugin should send for TLS client authentication (or its content):

config:
  pemkey_filepath: /path/to/private.key.pem
  pemkey_password: private_key_password
  pemcert_filepath: /path/to/certificate.pem

config:
  pemkey_content: |-
    MIID2jCCAsKgAwIBAgIBBTANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQUFADCBlTETMBEGCgmSJomT8ixk
    ARkWA2NvbTEXMBUGCgmSJomT8ixkARkWB2V4YW1wbGUxGTAXBgNVBAoMEEV4YW1w
    bGUgQ29tIEluYy4xJDAiBgNVBAsMG0V4YW1wbGUgQ29tIEluYy4gU2lnbmluZyBD
    ...    
  pemkey_password: private_key_password
  pemcert_content: |-
    MIIEvQIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCBKcwggSjAgEAAoIBAQCHRZwzwGlP2FvL
    oEzNeDu2XnOF+ram7rWPT6fxI+JJr3SDz1mSzixTeHq82P5A7RLdMULfQFMfQPfr
    WXgB4qfisuDSt+CPocZRfUqqhGlMG2l8LgJMr58tn0AHvauvNTeiGlyXy0ShxHbD
    ...
Name Description
enable_ssl_client_auth Whether to send the client certificate to the IdP server. Default is false.
pemcert_filepath Absolute path to the client certificate.
pemcert_content The content of the client certificate. Cannot be used when pemcert_filepath is set.
pemkey_filepath Absolute path to the file containing the private key of the client certificate.
pemkey_content The content of the private key of your client certificate. Cannot be used when pemkey_filepath is set.
pemkey_password The password of your private key, if any.

Enabled ciphers and protocols

You can limit the allowed ciphers and TLS protocols by using the following keys.

Name Description
enabled_ssl_ciphers Array. Enabled TLS cipher suites. Only Java format is supported.
enabled_ssl_protocols Array. Enabled TLS protocols. Only Java format is supported.

(Advanced) DoS protection

To help protect against denial-of-service (DoS) attacks, the security plugin only allows a maximum number of new key IDs in a certain span of time. If the number of new key IDs exceeds this threshold, the security plugin returns HTTP status code 503 (Service Unavailable) and refuses to query the IdP. By default, the security plugin does not allow for more than 10 unknown key IDs within 10 seconds. The following table shows how to modify these settings.

Name Description
refresh_rate_limit_count The maximum number of unknown key IDs in the time frame. Default is 10.
refresh_rate_limit_time_window_ms The time frame to use when checking the maximum number of unknown key IDs, in milliseconds. Default is 10000 (10 seconds).

OpenSearch Dashboards single sign-on

Activate OpenID Connect by adding the following to opensearch_dashboards.yml:

plugins.security.auth.type: "openid"

Configuration

OpenID Connect providers usually publish their configuration in JSON format under the metadata url. Therefore, most settings can be pulled in automatically, so the OpenSearch Dashboards configuration becomes minimal. The most important settings are the following:

  • Connect URL

  • Client ID

    Every IdP can host multiple clients (sometimes called applications) with different settings and authentication protocols. When enabling OpenID Connect, you should create a new client for OpenSearch Dashboards in your IdP. The client ID uniquely identifies OpenSearch Dashboards.

  • Client secret

    Beyond the ID, each client also has a client secret assigned. The client secret is usually generated when the client is created. Applications can obtain an identity token only when they provide a client secret. You can find this secret in the settings of the client on your IdP.

Configuration parameters

Name Description
plugins.security.openid.connect_url The URL where the IdP publishes the OpenID metadata. Required.
plugins.security.openid.client_id The ID of the OpenID Connect client configured in your IdP. Required.
plugins.security.openid.client_secret The client secret of the OpenID Connect client configured in your IdP. Required.
plugins.security.openid.scope The scope of the identity token issued by the IdP. Optional. Default is openid profile email address phone.
plugins.security.openid.header HTTP header name of the JWT token. Optional. Default is Authorization.
plugins.security.openid.logout_url The logout URL of your IdP. Optional. Only necessary if your IdP does not publish the logout URL in its metadata.
plugins.security.openid.base_redirect_url The base of the redirect URL that will be sent to your IdP. Optional. Only necessary when OpenSearch Dashboards is behind a reverse proxy, in which case it should be different than server.host and server.port in opensearch_dashboards.yml.

Configuration example

# Enable OpenID authentication
plugins.security.auth.type: "openid"

# The IdP metadata endpoint
plugins.security.openid.connect_url: "http://keycloak.example.com:8080/auth/realms/master/.well-known/openid-configuration"

# The ID of the OpenID Connect client in your IdP
plugins.security.openid.client_id: "opensearch-dashboards-sso"

# The client secret of the OpenID Connect client
plugins.security.openid.client_secret: "a59c51f5-f052-4740-a3b0-e14ba355b520"

# Use HTTPS instead of HTTP
opensearch.url: "https://<hostname>.com:<http port>"

# Configure the OpenSearch Dashboards internal server user
opensearch.username: "kibanaserver"
opensearch.password: "kibanaserver"

# Disable SSL verification when using self-signed demo certificates
opensearch.ssl.verificationMode: none

# Whitelist basic headers and multi-tenancy header
opensearch.requestHeadersWhitelist: ["Authorization", "security_tenant"]

OpenSearch security configuration

Because OpenSearch Dashboards requires that the internal OpenSearch Dashboards server user can authenticate through HTTP basic authentication, you must configure two authentication domains. For OpenID Connect, the HTTP basic domain has to be placed first in the chain. Make sure you set the challenge flag to false.

Modify and apply the following example settings in config.yml:

basic_internal_auth_domain:
  http_enabled: true
  transport_enabled: true
  order: 0
  http_authenticator:
    type: basic
    challenge: false
  authentication_backend:
    type: internal
openid_auth_domain:
  http_enabled: true
  transport_enabled: true
  order: 1
  http_authenticator:
    type: openid
    challenge: false
    config:
      subject_key: preferred_username
      roles_key: roles
      openid_connect_url: https://keycloak.example.com:8080/auth/realms/master/.well-known/openid-configuration
  authentication_backend:
    type: noop