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Client certificate authentication

After obtaining your own certificates either from a certificate authority (CA) or by generating your own certificates using OpenSSL, you can start configuring OpenSearch to authenticate a user using a client certificate.

Client certificate authentication offers more security advantages than just using basic authentication (username and password). Because client certificate authentication requires both a client certificate and its private key, which are often in the user's possession, it is less vulnerable to brute force attacks in which malicious individuals try to guess a user's password.

Another benefit of client certificate authentication is you can use it along with basic authentication, providing two layers of security.

Enabling client certificate authentication

To enable client certificate authentication, you must first set clientauth_mode in opensearch.yml to either OPTIONAL or REQUIRE:

plugins.security.ssl.http.clientauth_mode: OPTIONAL

Next, enable client certificate authentication in the client_auth_domain section of config.yml.

clientcert_auth_domain:
  description: "Authenticate via SSL client certificates"
  http_enabled: true
  transport_enabled: true
  order: 1
  http_authenticator:
    type: clientcert
    config:
      username_attribute: cn #optional, if omitted DN becomes username
    challenge: false
  authentication_backend:
    type: noop

Assigning roles to your common name

You can now assign your certificate's common name (CN) to a role. For this step, you must know your certificate's CN and the role you want to assign to. To get a list of all predefined roles in OpenSearch, refer to our list of predefined roles. If you want to first create a role, refer to how to create a role, and then map your certificate's CN to that role.

After deciding which role you want to map your certificate's CN to, you can use OpenSearch Dashboards, roles_mapping.yml, or the REST API to map your certificate's CN to the role. The following example uses the REST API to map the common name CLIENT1 to the role readall.

Sample request

PUT _plugins/_security/api/rolesmapping/readall
{
  "backend_roles" : ["sample_role" ],
  "hosts" : [ "example.host.com" ],
  "users" : [ "CLIENT1" ]
}

Sample response

{
  "status": "OK",
  "message": "'readall' updated."
}

After mapping a role to your client certificate's CN, you're ready to connect to your cluster using those credentials.

The code example below uses the Python requests library to connect to a local OpenSearch cluster and sends a GET request to the movies index.

import requests
import json
base_url = 'https://localhost:9200/'
headers = {
  'Content-Type': 'application/json'
}
cert_file_path = "/full/path/to/client-cert.pem"
key_file_path = "/full/path/to/client-cert-key.pem"
root_ca_path = "/full/path/to/root-ca.pem"

# Send the request.
path = 'movies/_doc/3'
url = base_url + path
response = requests.get(url, cert = (cert_file_path, key_file_path), verify=root_ca_path)
print(response.text)

{% comment %}

Configuring Beats

You can also configure your Beats so that it uses a client certificate for authentication with OpenSearch. Afterwards, it can start sending output to OpenSearch.

This output configuration specifies which settings you need for client certificate authentication:

output.opensearch:
  enabled: true
  # Array of hosts to connect to.
  hosts: ["localhost:9200"]
  # Protocol - either `http` (default) or `https`.
  protocol: "https"
  ssl.certificate_authorities: ["/full/path/to/CA.pem"]
  ssl.verification_mode: certificate
  ssl.certificate: "/full/path/to/client-cert.pem"
  ssl.key: "/full/path/to/to/client-cert-key.pem"

{% endcomment %}

Using certificates with Docker

While we recommend using the tarball installation of ODFE to test client certificate authentication configurations, you can also use any of the other install types. For instructions on using Docker security, see Configuring basic security settings.

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