packer-cn/website/source/docs/builders/amazon-ebsvolume.html.md

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---
description: |
The amazon-ebsvolume Packer builder is like the EBS builder, but is intended to
create EBS volumes rather than a machine image.
layout: docs
page_title: 'Amazon EBS Volume - Builders'
sidebar_current: 'docs-builders-amazon-ebsvolume'
---
# EBS Volume Builder
Type: `amazon-ebsvolume`
The `amazon-ebsvolume` Packer builder is able to create Amazon Elastic Block
Store volumes which are prepopulated with filesystems or data.
This builder builds EBS volumes by launching an EC2 instance from a source AMI,
provisioning that running machine, and then destroying the source machine,
keeping the volumes intact.
This is all done in your own AWS account. The builder will create temporary key
pairs, security group rules, etc. that provide it temporary access to the
instance while the image is being created.
The builder does *not* manage EBS Volumes. Once it creates volumes and stores
it in your account, it is up to you to use, delete, etc. the volumes.
-> **Note:** Temporary resources are, by default, all created with the
prefix `packer`. This can be useful if you want to restrict the security groups
and key pairs Packer is able to operate on.
## Configuration Reference
There are many configuration options available for the builder. They are
segmented below into two categories: required and optional parameters. Within
each category, the available configuration keys are alphabetized.
In addition to the options listed here, a
[communicator](/docs/templates/communicator.html) can be configured for this
builder.
### Required:
- `access_key` (string) - The access key used to communicate with AWS. [Learn
how to set this.](/docs/builders/amazon.html#specifying-amazon-credentials)
- `instance_type` (string) - The EC2 instance type to use while building the
AMI, such as `m1.small`.
- `region` (string) - The name of the region, such as `us-east-1`, in which
to launch the EC2 instance to create the AMI.
- `secret_key` (string) - The secret key used to communicate with AWS. [Learn
how to set this.](/docs/builders/amazon.html#specifying-amazon-credentials)
- `source_ami` (string) - The initial AMI used as a base for the newly
created machine. `source_ami_filter` may be used instead to populate this
automatically.
### Optional:
- `ebs_volumes` (array of block device mappings) - Add the block device
mappings to the AMI. The block device mappings allow for keys:
- `device_name` (string) - The device name exposed to the instance (for
example, `/dev/sdh` or `xvdh`). Required for every device in the block
device mapping.
- `delete_on_termination` (boolean) - Indicates whether the EBS volume is
deleted on instance termination.
- `encrypted` (boolean) - Indicates whether to encrypt the volume or not
- `kms_key_id` (string) - The ARN for the KMS encryption key. When
specifying `kms_key_id`, `encrypted` needs to be set to `true`. For
valid formats see *KmsKeyId* in the [AWS API docs -
CopyImage](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/APIReference/API_CopyImage.html).
- `iops` (number) - The number of I/O operations per second (IOPS) that
the volume supports. See the documentation on
[IOPs](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/APIReference/API_EbsBlockDevice.html)
for more information
- `no_device` (boolean) - Suppresses the specified device included in the
block device mapping of the AMI
- `snapshot_id` (string) - The ID of the snapshot
- `virtual_name` (string) - The virtual device name. See the
documentation on [Block Device
Mapping](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/APIReference/API_BlockDeviceMapping.html)
for more information
- `volume_size` (number) - The size of the volume, in GiB. Required if
not specifying a `snapshot_id`
- `volume_type` (string) - The volume type. `gp2` for General Purpose
(SSD) volumes, `io1` for Provisioned IOPS (SSD) volumes, and `standard`
for Magnetic volumes
- `tags` (map) - Tags to apply to the volume. These are retained after
the builder completes. This is a [template
engine](/docs/templates/engine.html), see [Build template
data](#build-template-data) for more information.
- `associate_public_ip_address` (boolean) - If using a non-default VPC,
public IP addresses are not provided by default. If this is toggled, your
new instance will get a Public IP.
- `availability_zone` (string) - Destination availability zone to launch
instance in. Leave this empty to allow Amazon to auto-assign.
- `block_duration_minutes` (int64) - Requires `spot_price` to be set. The
required duration for the Spot Instances (also known as Spot blocks). This
value must be a multiple of 60 (60, 120, 180, 240, 300, or 360). You can't
specify an Availability Zone group or a launch group if you specify a
duration.
- `custom_endpoint_ec2` (string) - This option is useful if you use a cloud
provider whose API is compatible with aws EC2. Specify another endpoint
like this `https://ec2.custom.endpoint.com`.
- `disable_stop_instance` (boolean) - Packer normally stops the build
instance after all provisioners have run. For Windows instances, it is
sometimes desirable to [run
Sysprep](http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/WindowsGuide/ami-create-standard.html)
which will stop the instance for you. If this is set to true, Packer *will
not* stop the instance but will assume that you will send the stop signal
yourself through your final provisioner. You can do this with a
[windows-shell
provisioner](https://www.packer.io/docs/provisioners/windows-shell.html).
Note that Packer will still wait for the instance to be stopped, and
failing to send the stop signal yourself, when you have set this flag to
`true`, will cause a timeout.
Example of a valid shutdown command:
``` json
{
"type": "windows-shell",
"inline": ["\"c:\\Program Files\\Amazon\\Ec2ConfigService\\ec2config.exe\" -sysprep"]
}
```
- `decode_authorization_messages` (boolean) - Enable automatic decoding of
any encoded authorization (error) messages using the
`sts:DecodeAuthorizationMessage` API. Note: requires that the effective
user/role have permissions to `sts:DecodeAuthorizationMessage` on resource
`*`. Default `false`.
- `ebs_optimized` (boolean) - Mark instance as [EBS
Optimized](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/EBSOptimized.html).
Default `false`.
- `ena_support` (boolean) - Enable enhanced networking (ENA but not
SriovNetSupport) on HVM-compatible AMIs. If set, add
`ec2:ModifyInstanceAttribute` to your AWS IAM policy. If false, this will
disable enhanced networking in the final AMI as opposed to passing the
setting through unchanged from the source. Note: you must make sure
enhanced networking is enabled on your instance. See [Amazon's
documentation on enabling enhanced
networking](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/enhanced-networking.html#enabling_enhanced_networking).
- `enable_t2_unlimited` (boolean) - Enabling T2 Unlimited allows the source
instance to burst additional CPU beyond its available [CPU
Credits](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/t2-credits-baseline-concepts.html)
for as long as the demand exists. This is in contrast to the standard
configuration that only allows an instance to consume up to its available
CPU Credits. See the AWS documentation for [T2
Unlimited](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/t2-unlimited.html)
and the **T2 Unlimited Pricing** section of the [Amazon EC2 On-Demand
Pricing](https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/pricing/on-demand/) document for more
information. By default this option is disabled and Packer will set up a
[T2
Standard](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/t2-std.html)
instance instead.
To use T2 Unlimited you must use a T2 instance type, e.g. `t2.micro`.
Additionally, T2 Unlimited cannot be used in conjunction with Spot
Instances, e.g. when the `spot_price` option has been configured.
Attempting to do so will cause an error.
!> **Warning!** Additional costs may be incurred by enabling T2
Unlimited - even for instances that would usually qualify for the [AWS Free
Tier](https://aws.amazon.com/free/).
- `iam_instance_profile` (string) - The name of an [IAM instance
profile](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/instance-profiles.html)
to launch the EC2 instance with.
- `insecure_skip_tls_verify` (boolean) - This allows skipping TLS
verification of the AWS EC2 endpoint. The default is `false`.
- `mfa_code` (string) - The MFA
[TOTP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-based_One-time_Password_Algorithm)
code. This should probably be a user variable since it changes all the
time.
- `profile` (string) - The profile to use in the shared credentials file for
AWS. See Amazon's documentation on [specifying
profiles](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/sdk-for-go/v1/developer-guide/configuring-sdk.html#specifying-profiles)
for more details.
- `run_tags` (object of key/value strings) - Tags to apply to the instance
that is *launched* to create the AMI. These tags are *not* applied to the
resulting AMI unless they're duplicated in `tags`. This is a [template
engine](/docs/templates/engine.html), see [Build template
data](#build-template-data) for more information.
- `security_group_id` (string) - The ID (*not* the name) of the security
group to assign to the instance. By default this is not set and Packer will
automatically create a new temporary security group to allow SSH access.
Note that if this is specified, you must be sure the security group allows
access to the `ssh_port` given below.
- `security_group_ids` (array of strings) - A list of security groups as
described above. Note that if this is specified, you must omit the
`security_group_id`.
- `security_group_filter` (object) - Filters used to populate the
`security_group_ids` field. Example:
``` json
{
"security_group_filter": {
"filters": {
"tag:Class": "packer"
}
}
}
```
This selects the SG's with tag `Class` with the value `packer`.
- `filters` (map of strings) - filters used to select a
`security_group_ids`. Any filter described in the docs for
[DescribeSecurityGroups](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/APIReference/API_DescribeSecurityGroups.html)
is valid.
`security_group_ids` take precedence over this.
- `shutdown_behavior` (string) - Automatically terminate instances on
shutdown in case Packer exits ungracefully. Possible values are `stop` and
`terminate`. Defaults to `stop`.
- `skip_region_validation` (boolean) - Set to `true` if you want to skip
validation of the region configuration option. Defaults to `false`.
- `snapshot_groups` (array of strings) - A list of groups that have access to
create volumes from the snapshot(s). By default no groups have permission
to create volumes from the snapshot(s). `all` will make the snapshot
publicly accessible.
- `snapshot_users` (array of strings) - A list of account IDs that have
access to create volumes from the snapshot(s). By default no additional
users other than the user creating the AMI has permissions to create
volumes from the backing snapshot(s).
- `source_ami_filter` (object) - Filters used to populate the `source_ami`
field. Example:
``` json
{
"source_ami_filter": {
"filters": {
"virtualization-type": "hvm",
"name": "ubuntu/images/*ubuntu-xenial-16.04-amd64-server-*",
"root-device-type": "ebs"
},
"owners": ["099720109477"],
"most_recent": true
}
}
```
This selects the most recent Ubuntu 16.04 HVM EBS AMI from Canonical. NOTE:
This will fail unless *exactly* one AMI is returned. In the above example,
`most_recent` will cause this to succeed by selecting the newest image.
- `filters` (map of strings) - filters used to select a `source_ami`.
NOTE: This will fail unless *exactly* one AMI is returned. Any filter
described in the docs for
[DescribeImages](http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/APIReference/API_DescribeImages.html)
is valid.
- `owners` (array of strings) - Filters the images by their owner. You
may specify one or more AWS account IDs, "self" (which will use the
account whose credentials you are using to run Packer), or an AWS owner
alias: for example, "amazon", "aws-marketplace", or "microsoft". This
option is required for security reasons.
- `most_recent` (boolean) - Selects the newest created image when true.
This is most useful for selecting a daily distro build.
You may set this in place of `source_ami` or in conjunction with it. If you
set this in conjunction with `source_ami`, the `source_ami` will be added
to the filter. The provided `source_ami` must meet all of the filtering
criteria provided in `source_ami_filter`; this pins the AMI returned by the
filter, but will cause Packer to fail if the `source_ami` does not exist.
- `spot_price` (string) - The maximum hourly price to pay for a spot instance
to create the AMI. Spot instances are a type of instance that EC2 starts
when the current spot price is less than the maximum price you specify.
Spot price will be updated based on available spot instance capacity and
current spot instance requests. It may save you some costs. You can set
this to `auto` for Packer to automatically discover the best spot price or
to `0` to use an on-demand instance (default).
- `spot_price_auto_product` (string) - Required if `spot_price` is set to
`auto`. This tells Packer what sort of AMI you're launching to find the
best spot price. This must be one of: `Linux/UNIX`, `SUSE Linux`,
`Windows`, `Linux/UNIX (Amazon VPC)`, `SUSE Linux (Amazon VPC)` or
`Windows (Amazon VPC)`
- `spot_tags` (object of key/value strings) - Requires `spot_price` to be
set. This tells Packer to apply tags to the spot request that is issued.
- `sriov_support` (boolean) - Enable enhanced networking (SriovNetSupport but
not ENA) on HVM-compatible AMIs. If true, add `ec2:ModifyInstanceAttribute`
to your AWS IAM policy. Note: you must make sure enhanced networking is
enabled on your instance. See [Amazon's documentation on enabling enhanced
networking](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/enhanced-networking.html#enabling_enhanced_networking).
Default `false`.
- `ssh_keypair_name` (string) - If specified, this is the key that will be
used for SSH with the machine. By default, this is blank, and Packer will
generate a temporary key pair unless
[`ssh_password`](/docs/templates/communicator.html#ssh_password) is used.
[`ssh_private_key_file`](/docs/templates/communicator.html#ssh_private_key_file)
must be specified with this.
- `ssh_private_ip` (boolean) - No longer supported. See
[`ssh_interface`](#ssh_interface). A fixer exists to migrate.
- `ssh_interface` (string) - One of `public_ip`, `private_ip`, `public_dns`
or `private_dns`. If set, either the public IP address, private IP address,
public DNS name or private DNS name will used as the host for SSH. The
default behaviour if inside a VPC is to use the public IP address if
available, otherwise the private IP address will be used. If not in a VPC
the public DNS name will be used. Also works for WinRM.
Where Packer is configured for an outbound proxy but WinRM traffic should
be direct, `ssh_interface` must be set to `private_dns` and
`<region>.compute.internal` included in the `NO_PROXY` environment
variable.
- `subnet_id` (string) - If using VPC, the ID of the subnet, such as
`subnet-12345def`, where Packer will launch the EC2 instance. This field is
required if you are using an non-default VPC.
- `subnet_filter` (object) - Filters used to populate the `subnet_id` field.
Example:
``` json
{
"subnet_filter": {
"filters": {
"tag:Class": "build"
},
"most_free": true,
"random": false
}
}
```
This selects the Subnet with tag `Class` with the value `build`, which has
the most free IP addresses. NOTE: This will fail unless *exactly* one
Subnet is returned. By using `most_free` or `random` one will be selected
from those matching the filter.
- `filters` (map of strings) - filters used to select a `subnet_id`.
NOTE: This will fail unless *exactly* one Subnet is returned. Any
filter described in the docs for
[DescribeSubnets](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/APIReference/API_DescribeSubnets.html)
is valid.
- `most_free` (boolean) - The Subnet with the most free IPv4 addresses
will be used if multiple Subnets matches the filter.
- `random` (boolean) - A random Subnet will be used if multiple Subnets
matches the filter. `most_free` have precendence over this.
`subnet_id` take precedence over this.
- `temporary_key_pair_name` (string) - The name of the temporary key pair to
generate. By default, Packer generates a name that looks like
`packer_<UUID>`, where &lt;UUID&gt; is a 36 character unique identifier.
- `temporary_security_group_source_cidr` (string) - An IPv4 CIDR block to be
authorized access to the instance, when packer is creating a temporary
security group. The default is `0.0.0.0/0` (i.e., allow any IPv4 source).
This is only used when `security_group_id` or `security_group_ids` is not
specified.
- `token` (string) - The access token to use. This is different from the
access key and secret key. If you're not sure what this is, then you
probably don't need it. This will also be read from the `AWS_SESSION_TOKEN`
environmental variable.
- `user_data` (string) - User data to apply when launching the instance. Note
that you need to be careful about escaping characters due to the templates
being JSON. It is often more convenient to use `user_data_file`, instead.
Packer will not automatically wait for a user script to finish before
shutting down the instance this must be handled in a provisioner.
- `user_data_file` (string) - Path to a file that will be used for the user
data when launching the instance.
- `vpc_id` (string) - If launching into a VPC subnet, Packer needs the VPC ID
in order to create a temporary security group within the VPC. Requires
`subnet_id` to be set. If this field is left blank, Packer will try to get
the VPC ID from the `subnet_id`.
- `vpc_filter` (object) - Filters used to populate the `vpc_id` field.
Example:
``` json
{
"vpc_filter": {
"filters": {
"tag:Class": "build",
"isDefault": "false",
"cidr": "/24"
}
}
}
```
This selects the VPC with tag `Class` with the value `build`, which is not
the default VPC, and have a IPv4 CIDR block of `/24`. NOTE: This will fail
unless *exactly* one VPC is returned.
- `filters` (map of strings) - filters used to select a `vpc_id`. NOTE:
This will fail unless *exactly* one VPC is returned. Any filter
described in the docs for
[DescribeVpcs](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/APIReference/API_DescribeVpcs.html)
is valid.
`vpc_id` take precedence over this.
- `windows_password_timeout` (string) - The timeout for waiting for a Windows
password for Windows instances. Defaults to 20 minutes. Example value:
`10m`
## Basic Example
``` json
{
"type" : "amazon-ebsvolume",
"secret_key" : "YOUR SECRET KEY HERE",
"access_key" : "YOUR KEY HERE",
"region" : "us-east-1",
"ssh_username" : "ubuntu",
"instance_type" : "t2.medium",
"source_ami" : "ami-40d28157",
"ebs_volumes" : [
{
"volume_type" : "gp2",
"device_name" : "/dev/xvdf",
"delete_on_termination" : false,
"tags" : {
"zpool" : "data",
"Name" : "Data1"
},
"volume_size" : 10
},
{
"volume_type" : "gp2",
"device_name" : "/dev/xvdg",
"tags" : {
"zpool" : "data",
"Name" : "Data2"
},
"delete_on_termination" : false,
"volume_size" : 10
},
{
"volume_size" : 10,
"tags" : {
"Name" : "Data3",
"zpool" : "data"
},
"delete_on_termination" : false,
"device_name" : "/dev/xvdh",
"volume_type" : "gp2"
}
]
}
```
-&gt; **Note:** Packer can also read the access key and secret access key from
environmental variables. See the configuration reference in the section above
for more information on what environmental variables Packer will look for.
Further information on locating AMI IDs and their relationship to instance
types and regions can be found in the AWS EC2 Documentation [for
Linux](http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/finding-an-ami.html)
or [for
Windows](http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/WindowsGuide/finding-an-ami.html).
## Accessing the Instance to Debug
If you need to access the instance to debug for some reason, run the builder
with the `-debug` flag. In debug mode, the Amazon builder will save the private
key in the current directory and will output the DNS or IP information as well.
You can use this information to access the instance as it is running.
## Build template data
In configuration directives marked as a template engine above, the following
variables are available:
- `BuildRegion` - The region (for example `eu-central-1`) where Packer is
building the AMI.
- `SourceAMI` - The source AMI ID (for example `ami-a2412fcd`) used to build
the AMI.
- `SourceAMIName` - The source AMI Name (for example
`ubuntu/images/ebs-ssd/ubuntu-xenial-16.04-amd64-server-20180306`) used to
build the AMI.
- `SourceAMITags` - The source AMI Tags, as a `map[string]string` object.
-&gt; **Note:** Packer uses pre-built AMIs as the source for building images.
These source AMIs may include volumes that are not flagged to be destroyed on
termination of the instance building the new image. In addition to those
volumes created by this builder, any volumes inn the source AMI which are not
marked for deletion on termination will remain in your account.