391 lines
18 KiB
Markdown
391 lines
18 KiB
Markdown
---
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description: |
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The `amazon-ebs` Packer builder is able to create Amazon AMIs backed by EBS
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volumes for use in EC2. For more information on the difference between
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EBS-backed instances and instance-store backed instances, see the storage for
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the root device section in the EC2 documentation.
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layout: docs
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page_title: 'Amazon AMI Builder (EBS backed)'
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...
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# AMI Builder (EBS backed)
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Type: `amazon-ebs`
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The `amazon-ebs` Packer builder is able to create Amazon AMIs backed by EBS
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volumes for use in [EC2](https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/). For more information on
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the difference between EBS-backed instances and instance-store backed instances,
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see the ["storage for the root device" section in the EC2
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documentation](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/ComponentsAMIs.html#storage-for-the-root-device).
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This builder builds an AMI by launching an EC2 instance from a source AMI,
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provisioning that running machine, and then creating an AMI from that machine.
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This is all done in your own AWS account. The builder will create temporary
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keypairs, security group rules, etc. that provide it temporary access to the
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instance while the image is being created. This simplifies configuration quite a
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bit.
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The builder does *not* manage AMIs. Once it creates an AMI and stores it in your
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account, it is up to you to use, delete, etc. the AMI.
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## Configuration Reference
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There are many configuration options available for the builder. They are
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segmented below into two categories: required and optional parameters. Within
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each category, the available configuration keys are alphabetized.
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In addition to the options listed here, a
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[communicator](/docs/templates/communicator.html) can be configured for this
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builder.
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### Required:
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- `access_key` (string) - The access key used to communicate with AWS. [Learn
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how to set this.](/docs/builders/amazon.html#specifying-amazon-credentials)
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- `ami_name` (string) - The name of the resulting AMI that will appear when
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managing AMIs in the AWS console or via APIs. This must be unique. To help
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make this unique, use a function like `timestamp` (see [configuration
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templates](/docs/templates/configuration-templates.html) for more info)
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- `instance_type` (string) - The EC2 instance type to use while building the
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AMI, such as `m1.small`.
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- `region` (string) - The name of the region, such as `us-east-1`, in which to
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launch the EC2 instance to create the AMI.
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- `secret_key` (string) - The secret key used to communicate with AWS. [Learn
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how to set this.](/docs/builders/amazon.html#specifying-amazon-credentials)
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- `source_ami` (string) - The initial AMI used as a base for the newly
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created machine. `source_ami_filter` may be used instead to populate this
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automatically.
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### Optional:
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- `ami_block_device_mappings` (array of block device mappings) - Add the block
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device mappings to the AMI. The block device mappings allow for keys:
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- `delete_on_termination` (boolean) - Indicates whether the EBS volume is
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deleted on instance termination. Default `false`. **NOTE**: If this
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value is not explicitly set to `true` and volumes are not cleaned up by
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an alternative method, additional volumes will accumulate after
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every build.
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- `device_name` (string) - The device name exposed to the instance (for
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example, `/dev/sdh` or `xvdh`). Required when specifying `volume_size`.
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- `encrypted` (boolean) - Indicates whether to encrypt the volume or not
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- `iops` (integer) - The number of I/O operations per second (IOPS) that the
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volume supports. See the documentation on
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[IOPs](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/APIReference/API_EbsBlockDevice.html)
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for more information
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- `no_device` (boolean) - Suppresses the specified device included in the
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block device mapping of the AMI
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- `snapshot_id` (string) - The ID of the snapshot
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- `virtual_name` (string) - The virtual device name. See the documentation on
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[Block Device
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Mapping](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/APIReference/API_BlockDeviceMapping.html)
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for more information
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- `volume_size` (integer) - The size of the volume, in GiB. Required if not
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specifying a `snapshot_id`
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- `volume_type` (string) - The volume type. `gp2` for General Purpose (SSD)
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volumes, `io1` for Provisioned IOPS (SSD) volumes, and `standard` for Magnetic
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volumes
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- `ami_description` (string) - The description to set for the
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resulting AMI(s). By default this description is empty.
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- `ami_groups` (array of strings) - A list of groups that have access to
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launch the resulting AMI(s). By default no groups have permission to launch
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the AMI. `all` will make the AMI publicly accessible. AWS currently doesn't
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accept any value other than `all`.
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- `ami_product_codes` (array of strings) - A list of product codes to
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associate with the AMI. By default no product codes are associated with
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the AMI.
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- `ami_regions` (array of strings) - A list of regions to copy the AMI to.
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Tags and attributes are copied along with the AMI. AMI copying takes time
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depending on the size of the AMI, but will generally take many minutes.
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- `ami_users` (array of strings) - A list of account IDs that have access to
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launch the resulting AMI(s). By default no additional users other than the
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user creating the AMI has permissions to launch it.
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- `ami_virtualization_type` (string) - The type of virtualization for the AMI
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you are building. This option must match the supported virtualization
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type of `source_ami`. Can be `paravirtual` or `hvm`.
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- `associate_public_ip_address` (boolean) - If using a non-default VPC, public
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IP addresses are not provided by default. If this is toggled, your new
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instance will get a Public IP.
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- `availability_zone` (string) - Destination availability zone to launch
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instance in. Leave this empty to allow Amazon to auto-assign.
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- `disable_stop_instance` (boolean) - Packer normally stops the build instance
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after all provisioners have run. For Windows instances, it is sometimes
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desirable to [run Sysprep](http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/WindowsGuide/ami-create-standard.html)
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which will stop the instance for you. If this is set to true, Packer *will not*
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stop the instance and will wait for you to stop it manually. You can do this
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with a [windows-shell provisioner](https://www.packer.io/docs/provisioners/windows-shell.html).
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``` {.javascript}
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{
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"type": "windows-shell",
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"inline": ["\"c:\\Program Files\\Amazon\\Ec2ConfigService\\ec2config.exe\" -sysprep"]
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}
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```
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- `ebs_optimized` (boolean) - Mark instance as [EBS
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Optimized](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/EBSOptimized.html).
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Default `false`.
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- `enhanced_networking` (boolean) - Enable enhanced
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networking (SriovNetSupport) on HVM-compatible AMIs. If true, add
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`ec2:ModifyInstanceAttribute` to your AWS IAM policy.
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- `force_deregister` (boolean) - Force Packer to first deregister an existing
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AMI if one with the same name already exists. Default `false`.
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- `force_delete_snapshot` (boolean) - Force Packer to delete snapshots associated with
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AMIs, which have been deregistered by `force_deregister`. Default `false`.
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- `encrypt_boot` (boolean) - Instruct packer to automatically create a copy of the
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AMI with an encrypted boot volume (discarding the initial unencrypted AMI in the
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process). Default `false`.
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- `kms_key_id` (string) - The ID of the KMS key to use for boot volume encryption.
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This only applies to the main `region`, other regions where the AMI will be copied
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will be encrypted by the default EBS KMS key.
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- `iam_instance_profile` (string) - The name of an [IAM instance
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profile](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/instance-profiles.html)
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to launch the EC2 instance with.
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- `launch_block_device_mappings` (array of block device mappings) - Add the
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block device mappings to the launch instance. The block device mappings are
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the same as `ami_block_device_mappings` above.
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- `run_tags` (object of key/value strings) - Tags to apply to the instance
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that is *launched* to create the AMI. These tags are *not* applied to the
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resulting AMI unless they're duplicated in `tags`.
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- `run_volume_tags` (object of key/value strings) - Tags to apply to the volumes
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that are *launched* to create the AMI. These tags are *not* applied to the
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resulting AMI unless they're duplicated in `tags`.
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- `security_group_id` (string) - The ID (*not* the name) of the security group
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to assign to the instance. By default this is not set and Packer will
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automatically create a new temporary security group to allow SSH access.
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Note that if this is specified, you must be sure the security group allows
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access to the `ssh_port` given below.
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- `security_group_ids` (array of strings) - A list of security groups as
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described above. Note that if this is specified, you must omit the
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`security_group_id`.
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- `shutdown_behavior` (string) - Automatically terminate instances on shutdown
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incase packer exits ungracefully. Possible values are "stop" and "terminate",
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default is `stop`.
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- `skip_region_validation` (boolean) - Set to true if you want to skip
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validation of the region configuration option. Default `false`.
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- `snapshot_groups` (array of strings) - A list of groups that have access to
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create volumes from the snapshot(s). By default no groups have permission to create
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volumes form the snapshot(s). `all` will make the snapshot publicly accessible.
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- `snapshot_users` (array of strings) - A list of account IDs that have access to
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create volumes from the snapshot(s). By default no additional users other than the
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user creating the AMI has permissions to create volumes from the backing snapshot(s).
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- `snapshot_tags` (object of key/value strings) - Tags to apply to snapshot.
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They will override AMI tags if already applied to snapshot.
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- `source_ami_filter` (object) - Filters used to populate the `source_ami` field.
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Example:
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``` {.javascript}
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"source_ami_filter": {
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"filters": {
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"virtualization-type": "hvm",
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"name": "*ubuntu-xenial-16.04-amd64-server-*",
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"root-device-type": "ebs"
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},
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"owners": ["099720109477"],
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"most_recent": true
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}
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```
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This selects the most recent Ubuntu 16.04 HVM EBS AMI from Canonical.
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NOTE: This will fail unless *exactly* one AMI is returned. In the above
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example, `most_recent` will cause this to succeed by selecting the newest image.
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- `filters` (map of strings) - filters used to select a `source_ami`.
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NOTE: This will fail unless *exactly* one AMI is returned.
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Any filter described in the docs for [DescribeImages](http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/APIReference/API_DescribeImages.html)
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is valid.
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- `owners` (array of strings) - This scopes the AMIs to certain Amazon account IDs.
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This is helpful to limit the AMIs to a trusted third party, or to your own account.
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- `most_recent` (bool) - Selects the newest created image when true.
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This is most useful for selecting a daily distro build.
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- `spot_price` (string) - The maximum hourly price to pay for a spot instance
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to create the AMI. Spot instances are a type of instance that EC2 starts
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when the current spot price is less than the maximum price you specify. Spot
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price will be updated based on available spot instance capacity and current
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spot instance requests. It may save you some costs. You can set this to
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`auto` for Packer to automatically discover the best spot price or to "0"
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to use an on demand instance (default).
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- `spot_price_auto_product` (string) - Required if `spot_price` is set
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to `auto`. This tells Packer what sort of AMI you're launching to find the
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best spot price. This must be one of: `Linux/UNIX`, `SUSE Linux`, `Windows`,
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`Linux/UNIX (Amazon VPC)`, `SUSE Linux (Amazon VPC)`, `Windows (Amazon VPC)`
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- `ssh_keypair_name` (string) - If specified, this is the key that will be
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used for SSH with the machine. The key must match a key pair name loaded
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up into Amazon EC2. By default, this is blank, and Packer will
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generate a temporary keypair unless
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[`ssh_password`](/docs/templates/communicator.html#ssh_password) is used.
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[`ssh_private_key_file`](/docs/templates/communicator.html#ssh_private_key_file)
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or `ssh_agent_auth` must be specified when `ssh_keypair_name` is utilized.
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- `ssh_agent_auth` (boolean) - If true, the local SSH agent will be used to
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authenticate connections to the source instance. No temporary keypair will
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be created, and the values of `ssh_password` and `ssh_private_key_file` will
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be ignored. To use this option with a key pair already configured in the source
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AMI, leave the `ssh_keypair_name` blank. To associate an existing key pair
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in AWS with the source instance, set the `ssh_keypair_name` field to the name
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of the key pair.
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- `ssh_private_ip` (boolean) - If true, then SSH will always use the private
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IP if available.
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- `subnet_id` (string) - If using VPC, the ID of the subnet, such as
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`subnet-12345def`, where Packer will launch the EC2 instance. This field is
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required if you are using an non-default VPC.
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- `tags` (object of key/value strings) - Tags applied to the AMI and
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relevant snapshots.
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- `temporary_key_pair_name` (string) - The name of the temporary keypair
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to generate. By default, Packer generates a name with a UUID.
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- `token` (string) - The access token to use. This is different from the
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access key and secret key. If you're not sure what this is, then you
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probably don't need it. This will also be read from the `AWS_SESSION_TOKEN`
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environmental variable.
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- `user_data` (string) - User data to apply when launching the instance. Note
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that you need to be careful about escaping characters due to the templates
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being JSON. It is often more convenient to use `user_data_file`, instead.
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- `user_data_file` (string) - Path to a file that will be used for the user
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data when launching the instance.
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- `vpc_id` (string) - If launching into a VPC subnet, Packer needs the VPC ID
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in order to create a temporary security group within the VPC. Requires `subnet_id`
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to be set.
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- `windows_password_timeout` (string) - The timeout for waiting for a Windows
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password for Windows instances. Defaults to 20 minutes. Example value: `10m`
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## Basic Example
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Here is a basic example. You will need to provide access keys, and may need to change the AMI IDs according to what images exist at the time the template is run:
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``` {.javascript}
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{
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"type": "amazon-ebs",
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"access_key": "YOUR KEY HERE",
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"secret_key": "YOUR SECRET KEY HERE",
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"region": "us-east-1",
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"source_ami": "ami-fce3c696",
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"instance_type": "t2.micro",
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"ssh_username": "ubuntu",
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"ami_name": "packer-quick-start {{timestamp}}"
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}
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```
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-> **Note:** Packer can also read the access key and secret access key from
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environmental variables. See the configuration reference in the section above
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for more information on what environmental variables Packer will look for.
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Further information on locating AMI IDs and their relationship to instance types and regions can be found in the AWS EC2 Documentation [for Linux](http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/finding-an-ami.html) or [for Windows](http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/WindowsGuide/finding-an-ami.html).
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## Accessing the Instance to Debug
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If you need to access the instance to debug for some reason, run the builder
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with the `-debug` flag. In debug mode, the Amazon builder will save the private
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key in the current directory and will output the DNS or IP information as well.
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You can use this information to access the instance as it is running.
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## AMI Block Device Mappings Example
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Here is an example using the optional AMI block device mappings. This will add
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the /dev/sdb and /dev/sdc block device mappings to the finished AMI. As with the basic example, you will need to provide access keys and may need to change the source AMI ID based on what images exist when this template is run:
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``` {.javascript}
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{
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"type": "amazon-ebs",
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"access_key": "YOUR KEY HERE",
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"secret_key": "YOUR SECRET KEY HERE",
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"region": "us-east-1",
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"source_ami": "ami-fce3c696",
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"instance_type": "t2.micro",
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"ssh_username": "ubuntu",
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"ami_name": "packer-quick-start {{timestamp}}",
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"ami_block_device_mappings": [
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{
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"device_name": "/dev/sdb",
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"virtual_name": "ephemeral0"
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},
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{
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"device_name": "/dev/sdc",
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"virtual_name": "ephemeral1"
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}
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]
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}
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```
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## Tag Example
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Here is an example using the optional AMI tags. This will add the tags
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"OS\_Version" and "Release" to the finished AMI. As before, you will need to provide your access keys, and may need to change the source AMI ID based on what images exist when this template is run:
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``` {.javascript}
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{
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"type": "amazon-ebs",
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"access_key": "YOUR KEY HERE",
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"secret_key": "YOUR SECRET KEY HERE",
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"region": "us-east-1",
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"source_ami": "ami-fce3c696",
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"instance_type": "t2.micro",
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"ssh_username": "ubuntu",
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"ami_name": "packer-quick-start {{timestamp}}",
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"tags": {
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"OS_Version": "Ubuntu",
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"Release": "Latest"
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}
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}
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```
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-> **Note:** Packer uses pre-built AMIs as the source for building images.
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These source AMIs may include volumes that are not flagged to be destroyed on
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termination of the instance building the new image. Packer will attempt to clean
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up all residual volumes that are not designated by the user to remain after
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termination. If you need to preserve those source volumes, you can overwrite the
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termination setting by specifying `delete_on_termination=false` in the
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`launch_block_device_mappings` block for the device.
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