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Packer Terminology
There are a handful of terms used throughout Packer documentation where the meaning may not be immediately obvious if you haven't used Packer before. Luckily, there are relatively few. This page documents all the terminology required to understand and use Packer. The terminology is in alphabetical order for easy referencing.
Artifacts are the results of a single build, and are usually a set of IDs or files to represent a machine image. Every builder produces a single artifact. As an example, in the case of the Amazon EC2 builder, the artifact is a set of AMI IDs (one per region). For the VMware builder, the artifact is a directory of files comprising the created virtual machine.
Builds are a single task that eventually produces an image for a single platform. Multiple builds run in parallel. Example usage in a sentence: "The Packer build produced an AMI to run our web application." Or: "Packer is running the builds now for VMware, AWS, and VirtualBox."
Builders are components of Packer that are able to create a machine image for a single platform. Builders read in some configuration and use that to run and generate a machine image. A builder is invoked as part of a build in order to create the actual resulting images. Example builders include VirtualBox, VMware, and Amazon EC2. Builders can be created and added to Packer in the form of plugins.
Commands are sub-commands for the packer program that perform some
job. An example somecommand is "build", which is invoked as packer build.
Packer ships with a set of commands out of the box in order to define
its command-line interface. Commands can also be created and added to
Packer in the form of plugins.
Provisioners are components of Packer that install and configure software within a running machine prior to that machine being turned into a static image. They perform the major work of making the image contain useful software. Example provisioners include shell scripts, Chef, Puppet, etc.
Templates are JSON files which define one or more builds by configuring the various components of Packer. Packer is able to read a template and use that information to create multiple machine images in parallel.